Lung Cancer Awareness Month: Knowing the risk factors

Written by Dr. Meagan Miller, MD, physician specializing in hematology/oncology at IU Health West

Lung cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in adults, and according to the National Cancer Institute, it is estimated that there will be roughly 235,000 new cases diagnosed in 2024. Unfortunately, lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer related deaths amongst all patients who receive a cancer diagnosis.

Who is at risk?

This cancer is typically seen in those who are older and is more common among men compared to women. The biggest risk factor for developing lung cancer is smoking. Other risk factors include exposure to secondhand smoke, asbestos, radon, smoke and air pollution, a history of radiation therapy to the chest area to treat other cancers, COPD and other lung conditions, such as pulmonary fibrosis and genetic predisposition. However, anyone can be diagnosed with lung cancer, even if they have none of the above risk factors.

What are the treatment options?

Fortunately, lung cancer treatment has changed dramatically over the last few years. New classes of medications, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy have completely changed how we approach lung cancer. While these medications were initially used after cancer had metastasized, or spread, data over the last several years has shown benefit in using them in earlier stages if certain criteria are met.

We are also slowly shifting away from a “one size fits all” approach to the treatment of lung cancer with the use of precision genomics. Looking at the mutations that happen to cause lung cancer allows us to better understand how aggressive a cancer might behave or predict if certain treatments may work better than others. While this area of oncology is still in its infancy, our knowledge is rapidly growing, helping us to better tailor our treatments to each individual lung cancer patient.

How can you reduce your risk?

What can you do to help reduce your risk of developing lung cancer? By far, the best thing you can do if you are a current smoker is to stop. You should also avoid vaping, given that its long-term harms are not yet clear. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and your doctors can aid you in quitting. Finally, lung cancer screening for those with a history of smoking can reduce your chance of dying from lung cancer, so I would highly encourage you to talk to your doctor to see if you qualify for screening either now or in the future.

To learn more, visit iuhealth.org/lungscan.